The superspreaders behind top COVID-19 conspiracy theories

FILE - In this June 19, 2009 file photo, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei delivers a sermon with a picture of the late spiritual leader Ayatollah Khomeini in the background, during Friday prayers at the Tehran University campus in Tehran, Iran. Khamenei was among the first and most powerful world leaders to suggest the coronavirus could be a biological weapon created by the U.S. (Meisam Hosseini/Hayat News Agency via AP, File)

FILE - In this Tuesday, March 31, 2020 file photo, President Donald Trump speaks about the coronavirus in the James Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House in Washington. Powerful voices in the U.S. -- from former President Trump to congressional Republicans -- worked to rebrand COVID-19 as “the China virus,” amplifying fringe theories that it had been engineered by Chinese scientists. In response, China launched what may be its first global digital disinformation campaign. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

This undated photo provided in 2021 shows Francis Boyle, a law professor at the University of Illinois. Boyle's claims about the coronavirus went viral early in the pandemic and were prominently featured in Russian and Iranian state media and fringe media in the U.S., including Alex Jones' show Infowars. (Courtesy of Francis Boyle via AP)

FILE - In this July 6, 2006 file photo, University of Wisconsin-Madison lecturer Kevin Barrett sits outside his cabin in Lone Rock, Wis. Barrett said he is "80%" sure coronavirus was created by the U.S. as a bioweapon and used to attack China. (Mike DeVries/The Capital Times via AP)

FILE - This June 5, 2006 file photo shows scientist Luc Montagnier in Paris. During an April 2020 interview with the French news channel C News, Montagnier claimed that the coronavirus did not originate in nature and was manipulated. (AP Photo/Jacques Brinon, File)

This Feb. 9, 2021 image shows the Great Game India website. Great Game India claims that the virus, which has killed more than 2 million people worldwide, was first found in the lungs of a Saudi man and then sent to labs in the Netherlands and then Canada, where it was stolen by Chinese scientists. (AP Photo)

This combination of 2009 and 2018 file photos shows Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, left, and the then-deputy commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guard Gen. Hossein Salami in Tehran, Iran. Khamenei was among the first and most powerful world leaders to suggest the coronavirus could be a biological weapon created by the U.S., while Salami declared on March 5, 2020 that Iran is currently engaged in a fight against a virus which might be the product of an American biological attack. (Meisam Hosseini/Hayat News Agency via AP, File; AP Photo/Vahid Salemi, File)

This Jan. 26, 2021 image shows the profile page of Greg Rubini’s permanently suspended Twitter account. Rubini has tweeted that Dr. Anthony Fauci created the coronavirus, and that it’s being used as a bioweapon to reduce the world’s population. Rubini was kicked of Twitter last fall for repeated violations of Twitter’s policies. (AP Photo)

FILE - In this Nov. 22, 2018 file photo, the then-deputy commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guard Gen. Hossein Salami speaks during a conference in Tehran, Iran. Salami declared on March 5, 2020 that Iran is currently engaged in a fight against a virus which might be the product of an American biological attack. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 4, 2020 file photo, former military expert Igor Nikulin speaks during a news conference in Moscow, Russia. Nikulin argues the U.S. created the virus and used it to attack China. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin, File)

This Feb. 12, 2021 image shows the webpage of the The Centre For Research on Globalisation. The organization publishes authors from around the world, many of whom have advanced baseless claims about the U.S. role in the coronavirus outbreak. (AP Photo)

(AP Illustration/Peter Hamlin)